空间洗衣平台的设计、流场分析与上行资源代价评估
Design, Flow Field Simulation and Launching Cost Evaluation of a Space Laundry Platform
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针对在轨中长期驻留阶段航天员衣物洗涤的迫切需求, 以及地面传统洗衣技术无法适用于微重力环境的问题, 设计了一种基于雾化臭氧原理的空间洗衣平台. 该平台利用超声雾化阵列将液态水雾化浸润衣物, 通过紫外照射产生臭氧用于除菌; 采用有限元方法对微重力环境下液滴与衣物的附着情况、洗衣平台的内流场进行了仿真分析, 重点分析了在微重力和地面重力条件下液滴在洗衣腔体内分布的均匀性区别. 在此基础上, 根据相对湿度、臭氧浓度等指标确定了预雾化时间、内循环风扇流量等参数; 随后, 采用等效系统质量的方法对雾化臭氧洗衣平台的上行资源代价进行了评估, 该洗衣技术在轨运行一年的资源代价仅为商选洗衣技术的15.7%, 当在轨运行5年后, 相比于完全将衣物作为消耗品上行, 可节省61.9%的等效系统质量. 通过分析两种方法的收益平衡时间点可知, 对于任务周期超过5个月的空间站任务、周期超过2.5个月的深空探测任务, 发展在轨洗衣技术更具资源代价优势. 本文的工作有望为未来中国在轨洗衣技术的发展提供参考.Abstract: The urgent request for micro-gravity laundry technologies should be satisfied, especially for long-term on-orbit habitats for astronauts. However, the traditional, ground-based laundry techniques could not operate properly in microgravity environments. In this paper, a laundry platform based on atomization and ozone-sterilization technologies was proposed. The platform uses ultrasonic arrays to atomize liquid water and facilitate better immersion of clothing in microgravity environments; the ultraviolet lights were implemented to generate ozone for disinfection. Simulations based on finite element method were applied to study the changes in relative humidity and ozone concentration during the laundering process. Parameters studies were conducted and the pre-fogging time and ozone lamp configuration were determined. Subsequently, the resource cost of the proposed laundry platform was evaluated using the equivalent system mass method. It was found that the resource cost of running the platform for one year in orbit was only 15.7% of that of the commercial laundry technology. By using the on-orbit laundry platform and recycling the clothes, a total amount of 61.9% of the equivalent system mass could be saved compared to disposing all the clothes. Through the analysis of the benefit-balancing time of on-orbit laundry technology and the cost of transporting consumable clothes, it is shown that in future deep space exploration missions, developing on-orbit laundry technology is a more cost-effective option than transporting clothes as consumables, as long as the mission duration is longer than 2.5 months for space station missions, and 2.5 months for deep space exploration missions. The work of this paper could set a milestone for the development of the microgravity laundry platform for our country.
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