北斗卫星轨道中长期预报新方法及精度分析

    New Method and Accuracy Analysis for Medium and Long-term Orbit Prediction of BDS-3 Satellites

    • 利用光压系数与太阳高度角密切相关的特性, 提出对ECOM-5光压模型参数进行建模及预报更新的方法进行轨道长期预报, 并对该方法的轨道预报性能进行评估. 以北斗MEO/IGSO卫星为例, 对2022年1月1日至2023年6月1日内预报18组90天轨道, 以CODE北斗卫星精密星历作为参考轨道, 评估北斗卫星轨道长期预报的性能. 试验结果表明, 采用本文提出的轨道预报方法对导航卫星进行90天轨道预报: MEO卫星第30天、60天、90天预报轨道三维位置误差RMS均值分别约为180, 650, 1400 m, 轨道URE RMS的均值分别为18.79, 61.43, 124.00 m; 与精密星历轨道的倾角误差\Delta i 的RMS均值分别为6.07, 9.76, 12.38 mas, 与精密星历轨道的升交点赤经误差\Delta \varOmega RMS均值分别为6.47, 11.24, 14.88 mas; IGSO卫星预报轨道三维位置误差第30天、60天、90天RMS均值分别约为260, 1000, 2200 m, iΩ预报误差与MEO卫星相当. 因此, 可以得出结论, 该方法获得的中长期预报轨道三维位置以及轨道定向参数iΩ具有较高的精度.

       

      Abstract: Long-term orbit prediction serves as an effective method to suppress the overall rotation of the inertial frame in autonomous navigation of satellite navigation systems, and the main factor influencing the accuracy of long-term orbit prediction is the uncertainty associated with the solar radiation pressure perturbation model. This paper proposes a method of modeling and updating the ECOM-5 solar radiation pressure model parameters for long-term orbit prediction, and evaluates its performance by fully utilizing the correlation between the solar radiation pressure coefficient and the solar altitude angle. Taking 24 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites and 2 Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) satellites of the Beidou-3 Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) as examples, 18 groups of 90-day orbits were predicted from 1 January 2022 to 1 June 2023. Then the precise ephemeris of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) was used as the reference orbit to evaluate the performance of long-term orbit prediction. The experimental results indicate that when adopting the new orbit prediction method proposed in this paper for 90-day orbit prediction of navigation satellites, for MEO satellites, the average Root Mean Square (RMS) of the three-dimensional position error on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day is approximately 180, 650, 1400 m, respectively, and that of the average URE RMS of the orbit is 18.79, 61.43, 124.00 m, respectively. The RMS mean values of the orbital inclination angle error \Delta i are 6.07, 9.76, 12.38 mas, respectively, and those of the right ascension of the ascending node error \Delta \varOmega are 6.47, 11.24, 14.88 mas, respectively. For IGSO satellites, the average RMS of the three-dimensional position error on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day is approximately 260, 1000, 2200 m, respectively, while the prediction errors of i and Ω are comparable to those of MEO satellites. Therefore, it can be concluded that the method in this paper exhibits high accuracy in long-term orbital predicting positions and orbital orientation parameters i and Ω, which is expected to provide essential support for mitigating the overall rotation of autonomous navigation of navigation satellite constellations.

       

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