2024年5月空间天气事件的太阳行星际传播分析

    Analysis of Solar Interplanetary Propagation of Space Weather Events in May 2024

    • 综合运用多种观测手段, 对2024年5月8日至11日源于AR 13664太阳活动区7个前向全晕日冕物质抛射(CME)事件的日地空间传播过程进行了分析. 这7个CME可分为两组, 第一组为发生于5月8日05:36 UT至5月9日09:24 UT的4个CME, 第二组为发生于5月9日18:52 UT至11日01:36 UT的3个CME. 利用日地关系观测台A星的日球层成像仪(STEREO A/HI)观测追踪这两组CME对应的高密度区域的时间–距角关系, 并采用固定Φ角拟合法及调和均值法推算这两组CME的最优传播方向及平均径向速度. 结果显示, 这两组CME的高密度区域在STEREO A/HI分别发生了混叠, 采用拟合得到的径向速度推算这两组CME到达地球轨道附近的时间与实际被WIND飞船就位观测到的开始时间的最小差值分别约为0.5 h和3 h. 结果表明,这两组CME在日地传播过程中, 后面快速的CME追上了前面稍慢的CME, 从而形成两个复杂喷出物, 产生了异常强烈的地磁暴.

       

      Abstract: A variety of observations are employed to conduct a preliminary analysis of the propagation in solar-interplanetary space of seven earth-directed full-halo Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) originating from the solar Active Region (AR) 13664 from 8 to 11 May 2024. These seven CME can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of four CME that occurred during the period from 05:36 UT on 8 May to 09:24 UT on 9 May, and the second group consists of three CME that occurred during the period from 18:52 UT on 9 May to 01:36 UT on 11 May. We utilize the heliospheric imager on the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory A (STEREO A/HI) to observe and track the time-elongation relationships of the high density regions corresponding to these two groups of CME, and apply the fixed Φ-angle fitting method and the harmonic mean fitting method to calculate the most probable propagation directions and average radial velocities of these two groups of CME. The results show that the high-density regions associated with these two groups of CME are respectively overlapped in the field of view of STEREO A/HI. The minimum differences between the two group CME’ arrival times near the Earth’s orbit calculated from the fitting radial velocities and the actual start times observed in situ by the WIND spacecraft are 0.5 hours and 3 hours respectively. These results indicate that during the solar-terrestrial propagation of these two groups of CME, the fast CME behind catch up with the slower CME ahead, thus, the two groups of CME form two complex ejecta and generate the extremely intense geomagnetic storm.

       

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