天问二号任务目标小行星 (469219) Kamo‘oalewa的自转特征与表面热环境

    Rotational Characteristics and Surface Thermal Environment of Asteroid (469219) Kamo‘oalewa: Target of the Tianwen-2 Mission

    • 详细分析了近地小行星Kamo‘oalewa的轨道特征、自转参数以及与地球的相对运动, 通过对光变曲线的拟合, 初步确定了该小行星自转轴的指向 ( \lambda =67. 9°\pm 3. 1^\circ ,\;\beta =-46. 0°\pm 10. 6^\circ ). 模拟未来天问二号空间任务对该小行星的探测过程, 得到了探测器在接近小行星过程中可能观测到的视星等级的变化情况. 利用先进热物理模型 (ATPM), 对Kamo‘oalewa的表面温度分布进行详细分析, 揭示该小行星在不同热惯量条件下的详细温度分布特征. 基于分析对未来深入研究该天体的路径进行了展望, 强调高分辨率探测设备及长期观测数据对提高小行星旋转特性和轨道参数精度的重要意义. 天问二号任务的顺利实施将为进一步揭示小行星的起源与演化历史提供宝贵的数据支撑.

       

      Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the orbital characteristics, rotation parameters, and relative motion with Earth of the near-Earth asteroid 2016 HO3 (Kamo‘oalewa). Through fitting the asteroid observed light curve, we preliminarily determined the orientation of its rotation axis as \lambda =67. 9°\pm 3. 1^\circ ,\;\beta =-46. 0°\pm 10. 6^\circ . By simulating the forthcoming Tianwen-2 space mission, we predicted changes in the apparent magnitude of the asteroid as observed by the spacecraft during its approach phase. Using the Advanced Thermophysical Model (ATPM), we performed a detailed analysis of the surface temperature distribution of asteroid 2016 HO3, revealing detailed temperature distribution features under varying thermal inertia conditions. Finally, this paper outlines future research directions, highlighting the significant potential for improved accuracy in determining the asteroid rotational parameters and orbital properties through higher-resolution observations and longer-term data accumulation. The successful implementation of the Tianwen-2 mission will provide crucial data, further advancing our understanding of the origins and evolutionary histories of asteroids.

       

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